New Product Development (NPD) Process Theory

New Product Development (NPD) Process Theory According to the linear view, new product development (NPD) process begins with ideas, proceed with idea screening, concept development and testing, marketing strategy development, business analysis, product development and test marketing, ends when the product actually commercialization and creates wealth (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011). To bridge the theory into practice, we worked as a team to develop a new, branded product, and formulate the marketing strategy to find and meet the niche market requirement in the UK. As an important consumer sector of FMCGs, personal care products constitute a large part of the British market, but meanwhile the competition in this field is fierce, firms have to keep supplying new products to meet the rapidly changing needs of their customers (Trott, 2008). This report described both the NPD process theory and our practice of the theory from idea generation through to launch and roll out, and then analyzed the benefits and disadvantage of the process. New Product Development Process Idea Generation and Screening The purpose of the idea generation process and idea screening process are systematic search new ideas and then reduce the number of ideas to spot the good ones (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011). Ideas may come from many different sources, it contains internal sources such as traditional research and development department and employees, and external sources such as distributors and suppliers, competitors, and customers themselves (Ritter and Gemunden, 2003). After a large number of ideas were created via different sources, managers need to evaluate these ideas and look closely at the prospects in the marketplace. Although the difference of decision criteria may affect the screening of new ideas greatly (Carbomell et al., 2004; Hart et al., 2003), scholars propose a unified R-W-W framework to effectively identify potential problems and control risks. The R-W-W framework asks three fundamental questions about new ideas: Is the market and product real?, Can the product and our company win?, and Is the product worth doing? (Day, 2007), and the company should be able to answer all of them before further development the idea. Based on the idea generation and screening theory, at first our team analysis the feasibility of our new ideas and decide to choose the idea of Freshies deodorant wipe within existing company Unilever. Firstly, regular users of deodorant are a huge potential consumer group all over the world, and the deodorant market in the UK has a good momentum of growth. Secondly, existing deodorant wipes brands do not have a good balance between the price and quality of their production, and the main competitors of Unilever do not give more attention to this field, which means the competition of deodorant products are less than mainstream personal care products. Finally, Unilever is an established and reliable brand in personal care market and has great experience about relative products, thus Unilever would not face the challenge of convincing consumers that they are better than a traditional deodorant, which means the cost and risk of entering the market is lower. Concept Development and Testing After screening ideas, marketers need to embody the detail of ideas to state in meaningful consumer terms, develop the idea into alternative product concepts and determine the most attractive concept to customers (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011). The selected concept also needs to be tested with some target consumers before further development. This may include some preliminary market research to find the market need, niche, and attractiveness (Page, 1993). Through the preliminary market research, it would also reveal the most promising features of the new products and assess the purchase intent of customers (Trott, 2005). Because the brand identifies of Unilever was developed around  the concept of adding vitality to life, we have created a concept shortlist for building a brand which is cost effective, relevant for all markets, convenient or healthy. At first we share the concept with our paired group to get primary advices of our product, by this we determined that our concept is to build a new, biodegradable, portable deodorant wipe. Then we conducted a survey of some in-store deodorant brands and evaluate their sale status. Finally, we did a market research for deodorant sales at online platform such as Amazon and eBay. The result of our investigation shows that although deodorant belonging to an industry that is highly saturated, wipes can open up a whole new market that has not been penetrated to its full potential.  Therefore, our product may have strong consumer appeal if implemented properly. Marketing Strategy Development Consumer purchase behaviors are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011). Thus marketers need to research the internal and external marketing environments before designing the initial marketing strategy for a new product. Moreover, marketers need to recognize that they cannot attract all buyers in the marketplace, thus they must divide the market into smaller segments and offer different strategies to the separate market. After that, marketers need to evaluate and select some suitable segments to build their market targeting. The final two pivotal stages concern about how to offer superior values for the target customers and make a differentiation with competitors. According to the level of customer demand, there are four levels of new product: the core product, the expected product, the augmented product and the potential product (Levitt, 1986). Based on the different demand level, an appropriate product positi oning strategy can make the difference between success and failure (Trott, 2005). Product positioning requires marketers to arrange a clear, distinctive and desirable positioning in the minds of target consumers (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011). Specifically, Wind (1982) offers six bases that related to how target customers make choices in position product fields: product feature, benefits, use occasion, user category, against another product or by dissociation from all the other products. To determine the best concept for our Freshies deodorant wipes, we at first use PESTLE analysis, Porters Five Forces analysis and SWOT analysis to evaluate the marketing environment. The result shows that Freshies can be mass produced as an innovative product. It has high potential for the industry and suits for the image of building a conscious society in the UK. Based on the behavioral and demographic factors, we defined that our market segmentation as 18-34 age group and users of mass deodorant. Our target market is on-the-go young adults who live busy lifestyles. Our differentiation is portable than other roll-on deodorant, thus customers can use it when they do not want to take their handbag, such as participate in sports or go to a party after work. Our market position is to offer freshness anytime and anywhere. Initial Business Analysis: Year 1 Projections According to the theory of Kotler and Armstrong, business analysis involves the sales, costs and profit projections for a new product. It can help marketers estimate the expected costs and profits within each stage and analyse whether the new product has financial attractiveness and satisfy the objective of the company. Marketers need to make a marketing strategy statement outlines the planned price, distribution, and marketing budget for the first year (2011). Based on the theory of Kotler and Armstrong, we designed a one year projection for our Freshies deodorant. According to the data of Office for National Statistics (2012), the population of 18-34 age people in UK was approximately 14 million. We set the product price as  £2.00 for 10-pack, and assume that the forecast market penetration rate would be 5%. Afterwards the purchase frequency would be 12 times per annum. Therefore, the net sales would reach to  £16.8 million in year 1, and the brand profitability would be about  £ 0.87 million in year 1. For more details, see our sales forecast from in the appendix. Product Development When the new product finishes the business test, it moves into product development. Booz, Allen and Hamilton (1982) identify the commonly accepted categories of NPDs: new-to-the-world products; new product lines; additions to existing lines; improvements and revisions to existing products and repositioning products. The purpose of product development is to develop the product concept into a physical product to insure that new concepts can be transformed into a workable market offering (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011). The product development process requires much greater integration of different departments (Trott, 2005). For instance, the RD department provides ideas, the engineering department will then take the ideas and develops possible prototypes; the manufacturing department will seek possible ways to produce a feasible product capable of mass manufacture; the marketing department will then be brought in to plan and conduct the launch. In light of Unilever already had the product line of deodorants and wipes, we pay more attention to developing the product strategy for our marketing plan. At first we determined that our product must follow the unique selling proposition of on-the-go, convenient and wipes on freshness, and then we designed our packing strategy to boxed, individually wrapped and pack of 5, 10 and 25 to fit the proposition. Finally, we invited our paired team to simulate our actual customers to collect the preliminary feedbacks of our product. Commercialisation The final step of NPD process is commercialisation the product into the market. Commercialization refers to the development of the product concept, its successful launch, and interaction with potential buyers (Jolly, 1997; Pellikka and Virtanen 2009). Successful commercialisation is associated with growth market share and improved performance in new markets (Cooper and Kleinschmidt, 2007). It requires marketer to accurately grasp the entry timing and scale (Trott, 2005). In addition, commercialising a new product contains a number of new activities, such as build price, place and promotion strategy (Aarikka-Stenroos and Sandberg, 2012) Our place strategy will start from selective large cities in the UK. We plan to make Freshies available to purchase in large retail stores such as Boots, Superdrug, Waitrose, Topshop and River Island in most major cities in the UK. The set price is  £2 for 10-pack. The promotion methods we plan to use include a mix of public relations such as consumer led press and celeb endorsements, advertising such as 30 second ads on television channels or outdoor and press- Cosmo/GQ, social media marketing such as on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, and sales promotions such as discounts and coupons. Three Year Business Plan The importance of a successful marketing objectives not only knowing their customers, but also ensure the effective implementation of their marketing efforts (Hamm, 2007). The three year marketing strategy statement describes the planned long-run sales, profit goals and market shares. These are brief summarizing of our goals: Build net sales to 12 million by Year 3 Build consumer penetration to 7% by Year 3 Build frequency of purchase to 16x per year by Year 3 Build market share to 5% by Year 3 To achieve this, brand profitability need to be improved, thus although the costs of marketing research will be reduced after the first year, total marketing spend will be raised in the second and third years. In order to increase profits, we planned to maintain the product price but increase the average purchase frequency of customers from 12 times in year 1 to 16 times in the year 3. For more details, see our sales forecast from in the appendix. Critiques The simple linear model of NPD is ingrained in the minds of many people. The model shows the formation and development of an idea prior to its taking any physical form. In most industries it is from this point onwards that costs will rise significantly (Trott, 2005). The subsequent stages involve adding to the concept as those involved with the development (manufacturing engineers, product designers and marketers) begin to make decisions regarding how best to manufacture the product, what materials to use, possible designs and the potential markets evaluations. The NPD process model can reduce the risk associated with new product introduction and to increase the possibility of commercial success through implementation of a step-wise procedure (Crawford, 1997). It comprehensively analysis the key activities involved in the process, from idea to commercialization of the product. Firstly, ideas and prototypes are tested to ensure that the new product will meet target market needs and wa nts. Secondly, there is a test launch during the test marketing stage. It not only saves time and resources of the full market launch, but also helps managers decide to stop or go before large investing. Finally, the commercialization stage involves careful planning to avoid the uncontrolled influencing factors. However, NPD process has changed significantly over the past 30 years (Griffin, 1997). All those actually involved with the development of new products dismiss such simple linear models as not being a true representation of reality. For example, more recent research suggests that the process needs to be viewed as a simultaneous and concurrent process with cross-functional interaction (Hart, 1993), and Olson et al. (1995) demonstrated that cross-functional teams helped shorten the development of times of truly innovative products. Another disadvantage is that the model just focuses on certain key activities, but overlook the activities such as negotiate with retailers, set up customer service department. Many new brands fail not because the quality of their products, but the reason is the parties cannot negotiate well with each other (Davies, 1990) or poor customer service (Chablo, 2000). Reference Aarikka-Stenroos, L., and Sandberg, B. (2012). From new-product development to commercialization through networks.  Journal of Business Research,  65(2), pp. 198-206. Booz, Allen and Hamilton (1982) New Product Management for the 1980s, New York: Booz, Allen and Hamilton. Brierley, S. (2002).  The advertising handbook. London: Routledge. Carbomell, P., Escudero, A.I.R. and Aleman, J.L.M. (2004), Technology newness and impact of go/no-go criteria on new product success, Marketing Letters, 15(1), pp. 81-97. Chablo, E. (2000). The importance of marketing data intelligence in delivering successful CRM.  DM Review,  3(1), pp. 25-31. Cooper, R.G. and Kleinschmidt, E.J. (2007) Winning business in product development: the critical success factors. Research and Technology Management, 50(3), pp. 52-66. Crawford, M.C. (1977). Marketing Research and the New Product Failure Rate, Journal of Marketing, 41(2). pp. 51-61. Day, G. S. (2007). Is it real? Can we win? Is it worth doing? Managing risk and reward in an innovation portfolio.  Harvard business review,  85(12), pp. 110-120. Davies, G. (1990). Marketing to retailers: a battle for distribution?.  Long Range Planning,  23(6), pp. 101-108. Griffin, A. (1997). PDMA research on new product development practices: updating trends and benchmarking best practices.  Journal of product innovation management,  14(6), pp. 429-458. Hamm, S. (2007). Children of the Web; How the Second-Generation Internet Is Spawning a Global Youth Culture and What Business Can Do to Cash In. Business Week,  2(1), pp. 50-57 Hart, S. (1993). Dimensions of success in new product development: an exploratory investigation. Journal of Marketing Management, 9(9), pp. 23-41. Hart, S., Hultink, E.J., Tzokas, N. and Commnadeur, H.R. (2003), Industrial companiesevaluation criteria in new product development gates, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 20(1), pp. 22-36. Jolly VK. (1997). Commercializing new technologies: Getting form mind to market. Boston: Harvard Business Press Kotler and Armstrong, G. (2011). Principles of marketing, 14th edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education. Levitt, T. (1986) The Marketing Imagination, New York: The Free Press. Mu, J. and Di Benedetto, C. (2011). Strategic orientations and new product commercialization: mediator, moderator, and interplay,  RD Management, 41(4), pp. 337-359 Pellikka, J. and Virtanen, M. (2009). Problems of commercialization in small technology-based à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rms. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 9(1), pp. 267-84. Page, A. L. (1993). Assessing new product development practices and performance: establishing crucial norms.  Journal of Product Innovation Management,  10(4), pp. 273-290. Population. (2012) Office for National Statistics, [Online] Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/taxonomy/index.html?nscl=Population [Accessed 20 January 2013] Ritter, T. and Gemà ¼nden, HG. (2003). Network competence: its impact on innovation success and its antecedents. Journal of Business Research 56(1), pp.745-755. Trott, P. (2008).  Innovation management and new product development. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Wind, Y. (1982) Product Policy, Reading: Addison-Wesley.

Sordaria Lab

Effects of Crossing Over in Sordaria fimicola Abstract Sexual reproduction in organisms is a cause for genetic variation. This can be seen through the process of meiosis in Sordaria fimicola because of the effects of crossing over and independent assortment that occur in meiosis I. Before performing this experiment we hypothesized that we would be able to see that crossing over did indeed occur in the S. fimicola. We tested our hypothesis by growing our own culture and observing it under a microscope. By counting and recording the types of asci we were able to find that our hypothesis had been correct.This has now led us to know that sexual reproduction causes an increase in genetic variation in organisms such as, Sordaria fimicola. Introduction Organisms reproduce in two ways: asexually and sexually. Sexual reproduction can be defined as the reproduction involving the union of gametes or when genetic material from two parents combine to form offspring (Cyr). Offspring produced from sexual reproduction have a unique genetic make-up, which can either be beneficial or destructive to them (Saleem). Close to all known organisms use this kind of reproduction during some moment in their lifetime.If this is true, however, why is not every species seemingly genetically identical? To answer this, one must observe the chromosome behavior during the sexual reproduction life cycle also known as meiosis. Meiosis is the process of cell division in which gametes are produced. It results in four haploid (IN) cells from two diploid (2N) cells (Cyr). In meiosis I, crossing over and independent assortment of the chromosomes occur. These two processes increase the genetic variation within the cell either benefiting or hurting the cell’s ability to adapt (natural selection).After these two events have occurred, the chromosomes will then proceed through all four stages and produce two daughter cells (Cyr). In meiosis II, the two daughter cells each again proceed through all f our stages and produce a final four distinctly different daughter cells (Cyr). Sordaria fimicola allows us to see observe the process of meiosis. This is because its life cycle is rapid and allows scientists to observe many generations in a short amount of time (Meiosis). Also, the size of S. fimicola makes it easily viewable under a microscope.Experiments with â€Å"Evolution Canyon† have shown exactly how S. fimicola is a representative organism for crossing over. Evolution Canyon represents the whole idea of different locations in Israel containing two mountain slopes exposed to vastly different climatic conditions that converge with a valley between them (Meiosis). In each of these cases, one slope has been exposed to harsh conditions while the other has been exposed to temperate conditions (Saleem). Because each slope undergoes different conditions, we can observe how genetic variation is affects the S. imicola that live on each slope. Scientists gathered samples of the organism living on both slopes and analyzed the differences in crossing over and the differences in crossing over frequencies. The purpose of our lab is to observe the different cross over frequencies. We want to compare and contrast the crossover frequencies in different color strains of S. fimicola. We hypothesize that in this experiment we will observe crossing over occur in the Sordaria fimicola after two weeks of growth in the agar plates.To test our hypothesis, we will grow our own asci spores in an agar plate and observe the organism under the microscope while recording the different ascus types which can either be type A (4:4), type B (2:4:2), or type c (2:2:2:2). Materials and Methods From the ‘Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in Sordaria’ handout, we found the materials and procedure for this experiment. Equipment that we needed to perform the first part of this experiment were two agar plates, a marking pen, a scalpel, and two different color strands of S. imico la. The first step in this lab was to mark two separate agar plates with the marking pen in such a way as to create four separate quadrants on each agar plate. Second, each plate needed to be labeled, identifying it as either the plate with tan fungi or gray fungi. Next, using the scalpel, a small piece of the samples of S. fimicola had to be sliced and placed in the corresponding spots in the agar plates. The plates then were taped and allowed two weeks to grow. After two weeks, the samples had flourished.We first scooped up small portions of each of our samples and put them on a slide with a drop of water, creating squashes, to be viewed under the microscope. When viewing under the microscope, each of the four group members counted and recorded their own twenty asci. While recording, each member categorized whether the asci they found had represented type A, type B, or type C recombination type. Last, when each member had attained their individual data, we combined our data to cre ate a total data for our entire group. Then we proceeded to combine our data to find a section and a course total.Results Four separate sectors analyzed the data of this experiment, the individual, the group, the class, and the section. The results were as follows: Cross Over Frequency Percent of Cross Over = (Number of Recombinant Asci / Total Number of Asci ) X 100% Individual Cross Over Frequency = 12/20 X 100% = 60% (gray) Combined Group Cross Over Frequency = 24/40 X 100% = 60% (gray) Combined Group Cross Over Frequency = 28/40 X 100% = 70% (tan) Combined Section Cross Over Frequency = 128/220 X 100% = 58% (gray) Combined Section Cross Over Frequency = 163/260 X 100% = 62. % (tan) Combined Course Cross Over Frequency = 4054/7066 X 100% = 57% (gray) Combined Course Cross Over Frequency = 8277/13946 X 100% = 59% (tan) After examining the cross over frequencies of the four sectors of data, we can see that for both the gray and tan spores an average of 60% were recombinant. This me ans that on average, 60% of the time S. fimicola will cross over resulting in spores of type B (2:4:2) or type C (2:2:2:2) Map Distances Map Distance from Cross Over = Percent Cross Over / 2 Individual Map Distance = 60%/2 = 30 mu (gray) Combined Group Map Distance = 60%/2 = 30 mu (gray) Combined Group Map Distance = 70%/2 = 35 mu (tan)Combined Section Map Distance = 58%/2 = 29 mu (gray) Combined Section Map Distance = 62. 6%/2 = 31. 3 mu (tan) Combined Course Map Distance = 57%/2 = 28. 5 mu (gray) Combined Course Map Distance = 59%/2 = 29. 5 mu (tan) Again, the map distances for both the gray and tan spores averaged about 30 mu. This means that on average there were 30 units between the cross over and the centromere of the chromosome. The fact that all of the map distances are around the same number also helps to represent the accuracy in our results. Discussion After observation of the Sordaria fimicola, we were able to depict the different types of crossing over.This supports our hypothesis– crossing over did occur in the S. fimicola. Because we were able to see that crossing over did occur and examine the three different cross over types, we can now say that sexual reproduction attributes to increases in genetic variation. We can see this by the 60% cross over frequency of the recombinant (type B and type C) spores in both the gray and tan strands. This example of the process of meiosis shows us that independent assortment and crossing over attributes to the variety of offspring that are produced in Sordaria fimicola.This large variety leads us to know natural selection plays a large role in the life cycle of fungus and especially S. fimicola. Our experiment showed baseline data under the same conditions as ‘Evolution Canyon. ’ While ‘Evolution Canyon’ showed the effects of cross over frequency as the two spore strands adapted to their different environmental conditions, our experiment showed the cross over frequency of S. fimicola under normal conditions. This baseline allowed for the comparison of the strand types that had become adapted to their different environmental conditions on ‘Evolution Canyon. ’Errors that could have occurred during this experiment were the recounting of asci. There may have been replication of certain asci strands. The experiment, however, is still reliable due to the large number of spores counted. This large number of 7066 gray spores and 13946 tan spores allowed for a reliable average to still be found. Future experiments may find this information useful because it gives insight into the how often crossing over occurs and therefore at what rate genetic variation is happening. By knowing more about genetic variation rate, we can learn more about evolution and how that effects natural selection.Experimenters could use this information to compare the rate of genetic variation to the effects it has on natural selection. References Cyr, R. 2002. Heredity and the Life Cycle. In, Biology 110: Basic concepts and biodiverity course website. Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University. http://www. bio. psu. edu/ Meiosis and Genetic Diversity in the Model Organism, Sordaria. Written by Hass, C. and Ward, A. 2010. Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. Saleem, Muhammad. 2001.Inherited Differences in Crossing Over and Gene Conversion Frequencies Between Wild Strains of Sordaria fimicola   From â€Å"Evolution Canyon†. University of Haifa, Israel. Figures and Tables Table I. Individual Data Non-recombinant| Recombinant| Recombinant| Total # of Asci| Total # Recombinant Asci (B +C)| # of Type A Asci| # of Type B Asci| # of Type C Asci| | | 8(gray)| 7(gray)| 5(gray)| 20(gray)| 12(gray)| This represents the 20 asci counted individually. Of these twenty, twelve were recombinant meaning crossing over took place. The other were not recombinant and therefore crossing over did not occur.The cros sover frequency was 60%. Table II. Combined Lab Group Data Non-recombinant| Recombinant| Recombinant| Total # of Asci| Total # of Recombinant Asci (B+C)| # of Type A Asci| # of Type B Asci| # of Type C Asci| | | 16(gray)| 15(gray)| 9(gray)| 40 (gray)| 24(gray)| 12(tan)| 13(tan)| 15(tan)| 40 (tan)| 28(tan)| This represents the spores counted for our entire group of four people. Of the 40 gray spores counted, 24 were recombinant meaning crossing over took place while 16 were non-recombinant. The crossover frequency for the gray spores was 60%. Of the 40 tan spores counted, 28 were recombinant while 12 were non-recombinant.The crossover frequency was 70%. Table III. Combined Section Data Non-recombinant| Recombinant| Recombinant| Total # of Asci| Total # of Recombinant Asci (B+C)| # of Type A Asci| # of Type B Asci | # of Type C Asci| | | Gray Spore 92| 67| 61| 220| 128| Tan Spore 95| 72| 91| 260| 163| This represents the spores counted by the entire class. Of the 220 gray spores count ed, 128 were recombinant and crossing over took place while 92 were non-recombinant. The crossover frequency was 58%. Of the 260 tan spores counted, 163 were recombinant while 95 were non-recombinant.The cross over frequency was 62. 6%. Table IV. Combined Course Data Non-recombinant| Recombinant| Recombinant| Total # of Asci| Total # of Recombinant Asci (B+C)| # of Type A Asci| # of Type B Asci| # of Type C Asci| | | Gray Spore 3012| 2081| 1973| 7066| 4054| Tan Spore 5669| 4301| 3976| 13946| 8277| This represents the spores counted by the entire section. Of the 7066 gray spores, 4054 were recombinant while 3012 were non-recombinant. The cross over frequency was 57%. Of the 13946 tan spores, 8277 were recombinant and 5669 were non-recombinant. The cross over frequency was 59%.

A Guide to Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

A Guide to Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics Introducing Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics You're able to attract books, movies or articles which are discussing exactly the same topic you're likely to approach in your essay. Describe two movies you have lately seen. For example an individual may opt for a topic like, life in the shoes of a werewolf. If you decide to compose a funny comparative essay then you must have good humor. For instance, you can consider a funny title or, as an alternative, you can imagine two aspects to look at that are so ridiculous that the humour is inevitable. Students who don't have a great awareness of humor might overdo it in their essay. Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics - What Is It? Failure to organize the content well will be a big mishap and damage your grade. There is a range of interesting compare and contrast essay topics it's possible to select from you can describe laws you want to create, to offer you some adjustments to already existing laws, or to suggest to cancel a law which you don't like for certain factors. You should have valid evidence to back up your ideas together with proper analysis that your readers can see and follow all of the way down. Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics and Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics - The Perfect Combinat ion It truly is beneficial to realize that people usually take advantage of comparison along with comparison pondering in the massive quantity of life circumstances. In a lot of sections of text's primary body you are going to demonstrate different contrast or compare points. For instance, you might think of similarities or differences if we are purchasing a new MP3 player or picking a place to study English. There are similarities irrespective of location, like the company chosen to observe the movie, and the movie itself. If you're studying in the health care field, you might have to to compose many essays. Obviously, writing is among the top learning programs in any significant school institution. When it can be less painful to write on a well-known topic, with a little research and organization, a writer can make an essay on an assortment of subject areas if assigned. Students who excel in writing about such complex topic can have an opportunity to be enrolled into a num ber of the very best Art universities to come up with their abilities and talent. Thus, you are going to be in a position to define the most crucial facts. Most themes will require some particular expertise, meaning that the search for facts and statistics and extra details will take much moment. You must research your topic to select three claims. If you wish to be certain that you have an exceptional topic for your essay, you are able to look through the overall directions of our topics and hunt to learn more online. The Unexpected Truth About Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics The critical reason many writers fail is they don't go further. Perhaps you thought it will be simple to select a topic by yourself, but the truth is that it is possible to end up sitting with a blank paper for a number of hours. The next thing to do is to begin writing. What's The Better Purchase Plasma TV Or LCD TV We reside in a huge choice. What Is So Fascinating About Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics? Again, compare and contrast essays can cover nearly every topic and might pop up in an assortment of subject areas. It might be necessary to liaise with other people to recognize the good compare and contrast essay topics. Otherwise, you must have a look at a number of the easy compare and contrast essay topics on the many scientific innovations. There are lots of others persuasive compare and contrast essay topics regarding education if you are prepared to write about doing it. Life, Death, and Interesting Compare and Contrast Essay Topics A strong essay is going to have an opening paragraph that comes with a thesis statement and a concluding paragraph. It's possible to restate your thesis statement and point out a number of the arguments used over the whole essay that backs it up. You should research the selected topic and discover facts to contradict your first thesis. To compose a high-quality paper, you've got to understand how to s elect your topic properly and utilize it to create a practical outline.

Ethics, Emotional Intelligence And Generational Differences

In class we have discussed articles on Ethics, Emotional Intelligence and Generational Differences in Managing Individuals, I began analyzing my own work experiences and the roles these aspects play in my life. Below is my reflection on how the three aspects are interrelated with each other. From generation to generation values are passed down from our parents. Out of those values, we learn what is ethical and unethical. It is the simple moral principles we live by that also impact our human emotions on what we feel and believe in that is right or wrong. We bring these values that we inherited, with us in the work place. Generational Differences: My view as a manager on Generational Differences is that flexible and patient is a must with it comes to certain individuals that are generations after me. Even generations before me. I have to find creative ways to motivate and encourage people to perform and complete job requirements on time. This requires me to find a balance between and increase my level of understanding on the generational differences. However, what is most shocking is that the simplest tasks you assign an employee seems to be much more difficult. I have to learn to become more resourceful and develop new strategies to assist employees with accomplishing certain requirements. In the past working with both younger and older employees operating under the conditions of both McGregor’s Theory X and Y, and a mixture of Theory Z. Meaning an employee can beShow MoreRelatedThe Timeless Quality of the Foundations of Excellent Leadership1177 Words   |  5 Pagesand political change. In the debate of whether the effectiveness of a leaders communication skills is dependent on their age or generation, one must take into account one of the most critical skills in any leaders skill set, and that is emotional intelligence (EI) (Avolio, Yammarino, 2002). Great leadership is timeless as it is predicated on respect and motivation of subordinates and peers and subordinates, along with a very clear focus on results attained through shared vision. It is the intentRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Essay Is To Identify And Explain Key1314 Words   |  6 Pagesneed for communication within an organization. The individual factors contributing to the political behavior in organizations include; the political nature of human behavior, the need for power, Machiavellianism, the self-monitoring trait, and emotional insecurity and the desire to avoid hard work. There is a functional and a dysfunctional approach to the political behavior within the organization. This includes political tactics that move or hinder the organization in moving forward. 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However, when it comes to intelligence and self-confidence, I know it’s not my strongest point in a consistent manner. This mean that in order for me to claim intelligence, it is essential for me to have a strong verbal, perceptual, and reasoning capabilitiesRead MoreLeadership, By Stephen P. Robbins And Timothy A1573 Words   |  7 Pagesconcluded but not fully determine as the only traits needed. These traits are intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity and sociability. As to where I stand in this trait spectrum, I know that I have determination, integrity and sociability. However, when it comes to intelligence and self-confidence, I know it’s not my strongest point in a consistent manner. This means that in order for me to claim intelligence, it is essential for me to have a strong verbal, perceptual, and reasoningRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pagesof job satisfaction; employee responses to dissatisfaction. Read Chapter 3. Feb. 18 Emotions and Moods: differentiating emotions from moods; the sources of emotions and moods; the evidence for and against emotional intelligence; exploring the experience, interpretation and expression of emotions across cultures. Read Chapter 4. Read â€Å"Case Incident 1† on page 124 and answer questions 1- 4. BeRead MoreOrganizational Beh.3758 Words   |  16 Pages125 4 Emotions and Moods 131 What Are Emotions and Moods? 132 The Basic Emotions 134 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 134 †¢ The Function of Emotions 136 †¢ Sources of Emotions and Moods 137 Emotional Labor 142 Affective Events Theory 144 Emotional Intelligence 146 The Case for El 147 †¢ The Case Against El 148 †¢ Emotion Regulation 149 OB Applications of Emotions and Moods 149 Selection 150 †¢ Decision Making 150 †¢ Creativity 150 †¢ Motivation 151 †¢ Leadership 151 †¢ NegotiationRead MoreQuestions On Understanding Employee Motivation4606 Words   |  19 Pagestheir tasks, willingness to make sure they are proficient in their dues, and are drawn to their profession. Part of this motivation could be contributed to the type of leadership demonstrated by effective leaders who have charisma, determination, intelligence, and confidence that attract employees willing to work due to their vision and mission (Northouse, 2015). Gagnà © et. al. (2015) al so established that amotivation among workers was strongly related to passive leadership. This provides organizationsRead MoreExam Paper7169 Words   |  29 Pagesfor? a. extroverted/intuitive b. emotional/introverted c. extroverted/introverted d. emotional/intuitive e. sane/reflective (c; Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 107) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} 6. What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of â€Å"S or N† stand for? a. sensing/intuitive b. sensing/thinking c. emotional stability/intuitive d. emotional stability/thinking e. sane/reflective Read MoreEthical Leadership And Ethical Decision Making Are A Challenge For Any Organization Or Institution Essay6614 Words   |  27 Pagessupervisors preferential treatment of a co-worker, however, Casey felt the need to apply to another department in order to grow in her career and avoid future preferential treatment by her supervisor in regards to her co-worker Elizabeth. Employing Ethics From the ethical practices and behaviors perspective, academic advisors hiring is an understood assessment: when a public institution of higher learning hires its goals for that individual is to continue shaping the aspect of the academic department